This node is another of the five matrix or transform property group Nodes. Scale defines a three-dimensional scaling around the origin.
FILE FORMAT/DEFAULTS Scale { scaleFactor 1 1 1 # SFVec3f }
When you make the individual variables of the scaling vector are not all the same, you won't get a non-uniform scale.
Example Use
The following code fragment is from Cubes.wrl.
Scale { scaleFactor 4 4 4 } # Make everything bigger